Tax Rates

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Taxable Income Range (Single) — 2025 Standard Deduction $15,700  2025 Rates
10% 0 to $11,925
12% $11,926 to $48,475
22% $48,476 to $103,350
24% $103,351 to $197,300
32% $197,301 to $250,525
35% $250,526 to $626,350
37% Over $626,351
2025 Tax Rates - Married Jointly (or Qualified Widow(er))-Standard Deduction $31,400 
10% 0 to $23,850
12% $23,851 to $96,950
22% $96,951 to $206,700
24% $206,701 to $394,600
32% $394,601 to $501,050
35% $501,051 to $752,750
37% Over $752,751
2025 Tax Rates - Married Filing Separately - Standard Deduction $15,700
10% 0 to $11,925
12% $11,926 to $48,475
22% $48,476 to $103,350
24% $103,351 to $197,300
32% $197,301 to $250,525
35% $250,526 to $376,375
37% Over $376,376
2025 Tax Rates - Head of Household - Standard Deduction $23,600
10% 0 to $17,875
12% $17,876 to $68,400
22% $68,401 to $109,450
24% $109,451 to $219,600
32% $219,601 to $258,800
35% $258,801 to $626,350
37% Over $626,351
2025 Tax Rates - Estates & Trusts
10% 0 to $3,150
24% $3,151 to $13,450
35% $13,451 to $16,900
37% Over $16,900
Social Security Tax & Limit 2025 Tax Rates
Social Security Tax Rate: Employers 6.20% on wages
Social Security Tax Rate: Employees 6.20% on wages
Social Security Tax Rate: Self-Employed 12.4%
Maximum Taxable Earnings $167,700
Medicare Base Salary Applies to all wages, no cap
Medicare Tax Rate 1.45%
Additional Medicare Tax for income above $200,000 (single filers) or $250,000 (joint filers) 0.90%
Medicare tax on net investment income ($200,000 single filers, $250,000 joint filers and $125,000 Married Filing Separately (MFS) ) 3.80%
Miscellaneous 2025 Tax Rates
Business expensing limit: Cap on equipment purchases Maximum Section 179 deduction (2025) $2,500,000
Business expensing limit: New and Used Equipment and Software Phase-out threshold Begins when total purchases exceed$4,000,000 At approx. $6.5 million in purchases, Section 179 is fully phased out
Prior-year safe harbor for estimated taxes of higher-income 110% of your 2024 tax liability
Standard mileage rate for business driving 70 cents
Standard mileage rate for medical/moving driving 21 cents
Standard mileage rate for charitable driving 14 cents
Child Tax Credit $2,200
Unearned income maximum for children under 19 before kiddie tax applies $2,600
Maximum Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rate by Income Bracket (2025) in the 10% or 12% bracket 0%
Taxpayers in the 22%, 24%, 32%, or 35% brackets Maximum LTCG rate 15%
Taxpayers in the top (37%) bracket Maximum LTCG rate: 20%
Capital gains tax rate for unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gains 25%
Capital gains tax rate on collectibles 28%
Maximum contribution for Traditional/Roth IRA $7,000 if under age 50
$8000 if 50 or older
Maximum employee contribution to SIMPLE IRA $16,000 if under age 50
$19,500 if 50 or older
Maximum Contribution to SEP IRA 25% of eligible compensation
up to $69,000
401(k) maximum employee contribution limit $23,000 if under age 50
$30,500 if 50 or older
Estate tax exemption $13.6 million per individual
Annual Exclusion for Gifts $18,000
Education 2025 Tax Rates
American Opportunity Credit (Hope) $2,500
Lifetime Learning Credit $2,000
Student Loan Interest Deduction Single/HOH Phase-out begins: $80,000 MAGI Fully phased out: $95,000 MAGI

MFJ Phase-out begins: $170,000 MAGI Fully phased out: $200,000 MAGI

 $2,500
Coverdell Education Savings Contribution Other Key Rules to Know (2025)

Contributions are allowed only if the beneficiary’s modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) of the contributor is below certain thresholds.

The funds in the Coverdell ESA grow tax-free, and qualified withdrawals (for K–12 or college education costs) are tax-free as well.

If funds are withdrawn for non-qualified purposes, the earnings portion is taxable and may incur a penalty.

 $2,000